How long will my money last?
How long a sum lasts at a given bet, how often it runs out first, and how unusual an evening’s loss was. Every figure is worked out exactly from the published odds of the game and a published pace; nothing you enter leaves this page.
Your game, bet and time
Pick a game, a bet and how long you plan to play. The table shows how long 10 to 100 bets last; enter the money you bring to see your own row.
Red or black at double-zero roulette · $10 a spin (an example bet, not a table minimum) · 2 hours · Las Vegas Strip rating table: 38 spins an hour.
On average, 2 hours of red or black at double-zero roulette at $10 a spin cost $40, about $20 an hour: 76 spins × $10 × 5.26% house edge. A long-run average, not a forecast of one evening.
How long 10, 20, 50 or 100 bets of $10 last over 2 hours. Enter the money you plan to bring to add your own row.
| Money you bring | Lasts the full 2 hours | 8 in 10 evenings end between |
|---|---|---|
| $10010 bets | in 6 of 10 evenings60% | −$100 (all of it) and +$80 |
| $20020 bets | in all but 1 in 19 evenings95% | −$160 and +$80 |
| $50050 bets | in nearly every eveningover 99% | −$160 and +$80 |
| $1,000100 bets | in every evening100% | −$160 and +$80 |
When the money runs out, and the average result
| Money you bring | Half of evenings run out of money | Average result for 2 hours |
|---|---|---|
| $100 | after about 2 h 38 min | −$33over 63 of 76 spins on average |
| $200 | after about 6 h 51 min | −$40over 75 of 76 spins on average |
| $500 | not within 12 hours of play | −$40over 76 of 76 spins on average |
| $1,000 | not within 12 hours of play | −$40over 76 of 76 spins on average |
Chance to be ahead, playing on without a limit: after 1 hour 31% → after 4 hours 23% → after 100 hours 0.06%. The longer the play, the closer the result comes to the average cost.
Worked out exactly from the outcome table of the game (see “Show the model”) and the pace: how it’s worked out.
Was that evening unusual?
Enter what an evening cost you; the game, bet and hours are the ones set above. The answer is how often an evening like that loses as much or more.
Enter what you lost to see how often an evening like this loses as much. These 2 hours cost $40 on average.
| Lost at least | Evenings like this that lose that much or more |
|---|---|
| $10010 bets | 3 of 10 evenings28% |
| $20020 bets | 1 of every 24 evenings4% |
| $50050 bets | fewer than 1 of every 2,000 eveningsunder 0.01% |
If losing is weighing on you, you can talk to someone: helplines in every province. Before the next visit, set a money and time limit: Game plan.
What exit rules do
Stop when you are down by a set amount, or up by a set amount: here is what that changes, and what it does not.
Exit rules do not change the price of each dollar bet or each hour of play. You lose less on average only because you play less; they do not lower the house edge.
Average result with these rules: −$31, over about 58 of the 76 spins. Without them: −$40 over all 76.
In 4 of 10 evenings (40%) you stop at −$100. In 1 of every 7 evenings (14%) you stop at +$100. In 5 of 10 evenings (45%) you play the full 2 hours and end at about −$9.55 on average.
Doubling after a loss does not change the odds
Betting systems change when you win and lose, not how much the house keeps.
The Martingale doubles the bet after every loss, so that one win recovers the losses plus the first bet.
Doubling after a loss (the Martingale)
Worked out: the ladder $10, $20, $40, $80, $160, $320, $640 is seven bets; the eighth, $1,280, is over the $1,000 maximum. Seven reds missed in a row: (20/38)^7 = 1.12% of series, 1 in 89, and those lose $1,270. The rest end $10 ahead. On average a series costs 1.119% × $1,270 − 98.88% × $10 = $4.32, which is 5.26% of the $82.07 bet in an average series.
The idea is that by doubling your bet after a loss, you would always win enough to cover all past losses plus one unit. … The problem is that it is easier than you think to lose several bets in a row and run out of betting money after you’ve doubled it all away. … The longer you play, the ratio of money lost to money bet will get closer to the expectation for that game.
A U.S. roulette wheel consists of 38 numbered slots: numbers 1 to 36, a zero, and a double zero.
Table “Double-Zero Roulette”, row “Red”, column “Pays / Probability Win”: 1 / 47.37%
Every bet in the series carries the same house edge, so the series does too: at double-zero roulette the house keeps 5.26% of every dollar bet, in whatever order the bets come. Frequent small gains are paid for by a rare large loss: the doubling has to stop at the table maximum, and what was lost on the way is not won back.
Example (not a casino’s table): $10 on red at double-zero roulette, $1,000 table maximum. On average a series costs $4.32. About 1 in 89 series (1.1%) meets seven losses in a row: the next bet, $1,280, is over the maximum, and the series has lost $1,270. The other series end $10 ahead.
Where the table maximum stops the doubling
| Casino and table | Limits, as the casino states them | Doubling from the minimum | On average a series costs | How often a series ends in the big loss | That series costs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diamond Tooth Gerties Gambling HallLiberal Rules Black Jack | $15 to $100 Source
Diamond Tooth Gerties Gambling Hall: Liberal Rules Black Jack limits Liberal Rules table limits are $15-$100. diamondtoothgerties.ca/games-of-chance · checked | $15 → $603 bets; the next, $120, is over the maximum | On average a series costs: Not worked out: the casino does not state this table’s rules | A series ends in the big loss: 1 in 6 (hands) | That series costs: $105 or more |
| Diamond Tooth Gerties Gambling HallRoulette | $2 to $100 Source
Diamond Tooth Gerties Gambling Hall: Roulette limits Roulette betting limits: $2-$5 inside. $2-$100 outside. diamondtoothgerties.ca · checked | $2 → $646 bets; the next, $128, is over the maximum | On average a series costs: $0.72 (0 and 00) · $0.35 (single zero) | A series ends in the big loss: 1 in 47 (0 and 00) · 1 in 55 (single zero) | That series costs: $126 |
| Elbow River CasinoBaccarat | $5 to $12,000 Source
Elbow River Casino: Baccarat limits Limits range from $5-$12,000 elbowrivercasino.com/gaming · checked | $5 → $10,24012 bets; the next, $20,480, is over the maximum | On average a series costs: $0.88 | A series ends in the big loss: 1 in 3,481 (Player bet) | That series costs: $20,475 |
| Elbow River CasinoBlackjack | $5 to $1,000 Source
Elbow River Casino: Blackjack limits with limits ranging from $5-$1000 elbowrivercasino.com/gaming · checked | $5 → $6408 bets; the next, $1,280, is over the maximum | On average a series costs: Not worked out: the casino does not state this table’s rules | A series ends in the big loss: 1 in 146 (hands) | That series costs: $1,275 or more |
| Elbow River CasinoRoulette | $10 to $1,000 Source
Elbow River Casino: Roulette limits Outside limits $10-$1000 elbowrivercasino.com/gaming · checked | $10 → $6407 bets; the next, $1,280, is over the maximum | On average a series costs: $4.32 (0 and 00) · $2.05 (single zero) | A series ends in the big loss: 1 in 89 (0 and 00) · 1 in 106 (single zero) | That series costs: $1,270 |
| Grey Eagle Resort & CasinoBlackjack · high-limit room | $25 to $2,000 Source
Grey Eagle Resort & Casino: Blackjack limits Blackjack $25 minimum - $2,000 maximum greyeagleresortandcasino.ca/casino/high-limit-gaming · checked | $25 → $1,6007 bets; the next, $3,200, is over the maximum | On average a series costs: Not worked out: the casino does not state this table’s rules | A series ends in the big loss: 1 in 78 (hands) | That series costs: $3,175 or more |
Worked out from each casino’s own minimum and maximum. The chance per series is the chance of losing every bet of the ladder in a row; at roulette and baccarat every other series ends one minimum bet ahead, and the average cost of a series is what those small gains and the rare big loss add up to: the house edge on every dollar bet in the series.
Roulette: bets on red or black; the zeros lose them. Where the casino does not say which wheel it uses, both wheels are worked out.
Baccarat: the Player bet, 8 decks; a tie leaves the bet in place.
Blackjack: counted in hands, with the source’s figures for its table: 49.09% of hands lost, 42.43% won, 8.48% pushed (a push neither ends nor continues the series). A double, a split or a 3:2 blackjack changes the sums both ways: a finished series can end a little ahead or behind, and the big loss can cost more. The average cost of a series is the house edge of the table’s rules on every dollar bet in it; doubling does not change it.
Blackjack: hands won, pushed and lost
It assumes the player is following basic strategy in a cut card game. … The first table shows the probability of each net outcome playing a single hand under what I call "liberal strip rules," which are as follows: … Six decks … Dealer stands on soft 17 (S17) … Double on any first two cards (DA2) … Double after split allowed (DAS) … Late surrender allowed (LS) … Re-split aces allowed (RSA) … Player may re-split up to three times (P3X)
Table “Summarized Net Win in Blackjack”, row “Win / Push / Loss”, column “Probability”: 42.43% / 8.48% / 49.09%
Wizard of Odds · Variance in blackjack (blackjack appendix 4) · read
Show the model
What one round can end in, how often, and what it pays, for every bet on this page. Tap for the words each table was taken from.
Roulette: what each bet pays and how often it wins
| Bet | Double zero38 pockets Source
Roulette, double zero: what each bet pays and how often it wins A U.S. roulette wheel consists of 38 numbered slots: numbers 1 to 36, a zero, and a double zero. … The following table displays the available bets, the win (on a "to one" basis), and the probability of winning under U.S. rules. Table “Double-Zero Roulette”, row “Red”, column “Pays / Probability Win”: 1 / 47.37% | Single zero37 pockets Source
Roulette, single zero: what each bet pays and how often it wins Worked out: the same pays on a 37-pocket wheel: red or black wins on 18 of 37 pockets, a dozen on 12, one number on 1. What most call "European roulette" is roulette played on a 37-number wheel, with one zero only. The pays are the same as in American roulette. A U.S. roulette wheel consists of 38 numbered slots: numbers 1 to 36, a zero, and a double zero. Table “Double-Zero Roulette”, row “Red”, column “Pays / Probability Win”: 1 / 47.37% | Triple zero39 pockets Source
Roulette, triple zero: what each bet pays and how often it wins Worked out: the same pays on a 39-pocket wheel: red or black wins on 18 of 39 pockets, a dozen on 12, one number on 1. Triple-Zero Roulette is roulette played on a 39-number wheel. The wheel has the same numbers and colors as a double-zero wheel, plus a 39th place on the wheel. … Much like zero and double-zero, all even money bets lose if the ball lands in green. A U.S. roulette wheel consists of 38 numbered slots: numbers 1 to 36, a zero, and a double zero. Table “Double-Zero Roulette”, row “Red”, column “Pays / Probability Win”: 1 / 47.37% |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red or blackpays 1 to 1 | 18 of 3847.37% | 18 of 3748.65% | 18 of 3946.15% |
| A dozenpays 2 to 1 | 12 of 3831.58% | 12 of 3732.43% | 12 of 3930.77% |
| One numberpays 35 to 1 | 1 of 382.63% | 1 of 372.70% | 1 of 392.56% |
| House edge, every bet | 5.26% | 2.70% | 7.69% |
A loss costs the bet. Zero, double zero and the third green pocket lose every bet on this list. Worked out: wins ÷ pockets; on double zero these are the source’s own figures.
Craps: Pass line house edge 1.41%
| Result of one decision | Probability | You get, in bets |
|---|---|---|
| Wins (244 of 495) | 49.29% | +1 |
| Loses (251 of 495) | 50.71% | −1 |
Craps: Pass line
Worked out: of the 36 ways two dice fall, 8 win on the come-out roll (7 or 11) and 4 lose (2, 3, 12); a point of 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 or 10 wins when it comes again before a 7. Adding it up: 244 of every 495 pass-line bets win, 49.29%.
The Pass is the most fundamental bet in craps; almost every player at the table bets on it. … If a seven comes before the point, then you lose. If the point is rolled first, then you win even money.
Table “Multi-Roll Bets in Craps”, row “Pass”, column “Prob. Win / Prob. Loss”: 49.29% / 50.71%
Baccarat, 8 decks: Banker (5% commission) house edge 1.06%
| Result of one hand | Probability | You get, in bets |
|---|---|---|
| Banker wins (paid 0.95) | 45.86% | +0.95 |
| Tie (the bet stays) | 9.52% | 0 |
| Player wins | 44.62% | −1 |
Baccarat, 8 decks: Banker (5% commission)
The following return tables show the possible outcomes of the Player, Banker, and Tie bets for an 8-deck game. As the lower right cells in each table show, the house edge is 1.06% on the banker bet, 1.24% on the player bet, and 14.36% on the tie.
Table “Banker Bet — 8 Decks”, row “Banker wins / Tie / Player wins”, column “Combinations”: 2,292,252,566,437,888 / 475,627,426,473,216 / 2,230,518,282,592,256 of 4,998,398,275,503,360
Baccarat, 8 decks: Player house edge 1.24%
| Result of one hand | Probability | You get, in bets |
|---|---|---|
| Player wins | 44.62% | +1 |
| Tie (the bet stays) | 9.52% | 0 |
| Banker wins | 45.86% | −1 |
Baccarat, 8 decks: Player
The following return tables show the possible outcomes of the Player, Banker, and Tie bets for an 8-deck game. As the lower right cells in each table show, the house edge is 1.06% on the banker bet, 1.24% on the player bet, and 14.36% on the tie.
Table “Player Bet — 8 Decks”, row “Player wins / Tie / Banker wins”, column “Combinations”: 2,230,518,282,592,256 / 475,627,426,473,216 / 2,292,252,566,437,888 of 4,998,398,275,503,360
Blackjack: Six decks, dealer stands on soft 17, late surrender (the source’s table) house edge 0.28%
| Result of one hand | Probability | You get, in bets |
|---|---|---|
| Down 8 bets | 1.9e-7 | −8 |
| Down 7 bets | 0.0000023 | −7 |
| Down 6 bets | 0.000018 | −6 |
| Down 5 bets | 0.000089 | −5 |
| Down 4 bets | 0.00048 | −4 |
| Down 3 bets | 0.208% | −3 |
| Down 2 bets | 4.18% | −2 |
| Down 1 bet | 40.17% | −1 |
| Down 0.5 bets | 4.47% | −0.5 |
| Even (push) | 8.48% | 0 |
| Up 1 bet | 31.70% | +1 |
| Up 1.5 bets | 4.53% | +1.5 |
| Up 2 bets | 5.84% | +2 |
| Up 3 bets | 0.260% | +3 |
| Up 4 bets | 0.00076 | +4 |
| Up 5 bets | 0.00014 | +5 |
| Up 6 bets | 0.000038 | +6 |
| Up 7 bets | 0.0000061 | +7 |
| Up 8 bets | 6.6e-7 | +8 |
Blackjack: Six decks, dealer stands on soft 17, late surrender (the source’s table)
It assumes the player is following basic strategy in a cut card game. … The first table shows the probability of each net outcome playing a single hand under what I call "liberal strip rules," which are as follows: … Six decks … Dealer stands on soft 17 (S17) … Double on any first two cards (DA2) … Double after split allowed (DAS) … Late surrender allowed (LS) … Re-split aces allowed (RSA) … Player may re-split up to three times (P3X) … House edge = 0.28% … Standard deviation = 1.142
Table “6 Decks S17 DA2 DAS LS RSA P3X — One Hand”, row “Net win −8 to 8”, column “Probability”: as in the table on this page
Wizard of Odds · Variance in blackjack (blackjack appendix 4) · read
Rounds an hour
The Las Vegas Strip rating table is the table a major Las Vegas Strip casino uses to rate players, as published by Wizard of Odds; for craps the first pace is the pace casino rating systems are set to, as a casino consultant describes them in Global Gaming Business; the pace by number of players is from Jim Kilby, Casino Operations Management, as published by Wizard of Odds. Your table may be faster or slower.
| Game | Pace | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Roulette, double zero | Las Vegas Strip rating table: 38 spins an hour | Source
Pace: Roulette, double zero, Las Vegas Strip rating table The following table shows the average hands per hour and the house edge for comp purposes various games. … This table was given to me anonymously by an executive with a major Strip casino and is used for rating players. Table “Hands per Hour and Average House Edge”, row “Roulette”, column “Hands/Hour”: 38 |
| 1 player: 112 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, double zero, 1 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 1”, column “Spins per hour”: 112 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 2 players: 76 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, double zero, 2 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 2”, column “Spins per hour”: 76 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 3 players: 60 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, double zero, 3 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 3”, column “Spins per hour”: 60 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 4 players: 55 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, double zero, 4 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 4”, column “Spins per hour”: 55 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 5 players: 48 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, double zero, 5 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 5”, column “Spins per hour”: 48 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 6 players: 35 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, double zero, 6 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 6”, column “Spins per hour”: 35 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| Roulette, single zero | Las Vegas Strip rating table: 35 spins an hour | Source
Pace: Roulette, single zero, Las Vegas Strip rating table The following table shows the average hands per hour and the house edge for comp purposes various games. … This table was given to me anonymously by an executive with a major Strip casino and is used for rating players. Table “Hands per Hour and Average House Edge”, row “Single 0 Roulette”, column “Hands/Hour”: 35 |
| 1 player: 112 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, single zero, 1 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 1”, column “Spins per hour”: 112 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 2 players: 76 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, single zero, 2 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 2”, column “Spins per hour”: 76 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 3 players: 60 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, single zero, 3 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 3”, column “Spins per hour”: 60 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 4 players: 55 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, single zero, 4 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 4”, column “Spins per hour”: 55 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 5 players: 48 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, single zero, 5 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 5”, column “Spins per hour”: 48 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 6 players: 35 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, single zero, 6 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 6”, column “Spins per hour”: 35 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| Roulette, triple zero | Las Vegas Strip rating table: 38 spins an hour (its double-zero figure)The table has no triple-zero figure; the double-zero figure is used. | Source
Pace: Roulette, triple zero, Las Vegas Strip rating table The following table shows the average hands per hour and the house edge for comp purposes various games. … This table was given to me anonymously by an executive with a major Strip casino and is used for rating players. Table “Hands per Hour and Average House Edge”, row “Roulette”, column “Hands/Hour”: 38 |
| 1 player: 112 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, triple zero, 1 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 1”, column “Spins per hour”: 112 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 2 players: 76 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, triple zero, 2 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 2”, column “Spins per hour”: 76 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 3 players: 60 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, triple zero, 3 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 3”, column “Spins per hour”: 60 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 4 players: 55 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, triple zero, 4 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 4”, column “Spins per hour”: 55 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 5 players: 48 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, triple zero, 5 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 5”, column “Spins per hour”: 48 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 6 players: 35 spins an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Roulette, triple zero, 6 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Spins per Hour in Roulette”, row “Players 6”, column “Spins per hour”: 35 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| Craps, pass line | Pace casino rating systems are set to: about 18 decisions an hour (60 rolls) | Source
Pace: Craps, pass line, Las Vegas Strip rating table Worked out: 60 rolls an hour ÷ 557/165 rolls a pass-line decision ≈ 18.0 decisions an hour. Most systems have been pre-programed to reflect sixty (60) rolls per hour. … the pass/come wager (either “do” or “don’t) is subject to a win/loss decision, not every roll, but every 3.4 rolls. … The correct number of decisions in the player tracking computer for craps wagering should be closer to 15 to 18 decisions per hour. Adding it all up, the expected rolls to resolve a line bet is 1 + (1/6)*4 + (2/9)*3.6 + (5/18)*(36/11) = 557/165 =~ 3.375758 rolls. |
| 1 player: about 74 decisions an hour (249 rolls, Kilby) | Source
Pace: Craps, pass line, 1 player(s) Worked out: 249 rolls an hour ÷ 557/165 rolls a pass-line decision ≈ 73.8 decisions an hour. The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Rolls per Hour in Craps”, row “Players 1”, column “Rolls per hour”: 249 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read Adding it all up, the expected rolls to resolve a line bet is 1 + (1/6)*4 + (2/9)*3.6 + (5/18)*(36/11) = 557/165 =~ 3.375758 rolls. | |
| 3 players: about 64 decisions an hour (216 rolls, Kilby) | Source
Pace: Craps, pass line, 3 player(s) Worked out: 216 rolls an hour ÷ 557/165 rolls a pass-line decision ≈ 64.0 decisions an hour. The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Rolls per Hour in Craps”, row “Players 3”, column “Rolls per hour”: 216 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read Adding it all up, the expected rolls to resolve a line bet is 1 + (1/6)*4 + (2/9)*3.6 + (5/18)*(36/11) = 557/165 =~ 3.375758 rolls. | |
| 5 players: about 43 decisions an hour (144 rolls, Kilby) | Source
Pace: Craps, pass line, 5 player(s) Worked out: 144 rolls an hour ÷ 557/165 rolls a pass-line decision ≈ 42.7 decisions an hour. The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Rolls per Hour in Craps”, row “Players 5”, column “Rolls per hour”: 144 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read Adding it all up, the expected rolls to resolve a line bet is 1 + (1/6)*4 + (2/9)*3.6 + (5/18)*(36/11) = 557/165 =~ 3.375758 rolls. | |
| 7 players: about 40 decisions an hour (135 rolls, Kilby) | Source
Pace: Craps, pass line, 7 player(s) Worked out: 135 rolls an hour ÷ 557/165 rolls a pass-line decision ≈ 40.0 decisions an hour. The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Rolls per Hour in Craps”, row “Players 7”, column “Rolls per hour”: 135 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read Adding it all up, the expected rolls to resolve a line bet is 1 + (1/6)*4 + (2/9)*3.6 + (5/18)*(36/11) = 557/165 =~ 3.375758 rolls. | |
| 9 players: about 36 decisions an hour (123 rolls, Kilby) | Source
Pace: Craps, pass line, 9 player(s) Worked out: 123 rolls an hour ÷ 557/165 rolls a pass-line decision ≈ 36.4 decisions an hour. The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Rolls per Hour in Craps”, row “Players 9”, column “Rolls per hour”: 123 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read Adding it all up, the expected rolls to resolve a line bet is 1 + (1/6)*4 + (2/9)*3.6 + (5/18)*(36/11) = 557/165 =~ 3.375758 rolls. | |
| 11 players: about 30 decisions an hour (102 rolls, Kilby) | Source
Pace: Craps, pass line, 11 player(s) Worked out: 102 rolls an hour ÷ 557/165 rolls a pass-line decision ≈ 30.2 decisions an hour. The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Rolls per Hour in Craps”, row “Players 11”, column “Rolls per hour”: 102 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read Adding it all up, the expected rolls to resolve a line bet is 1 + (1/6)*4 + (2/9)*3.6 + (5/18)*(36/11) = 557/165 =~ 3.375758 rolls. | |
| Baccarat | Las Vegas Strip rating table: 72 hands an hour | Source
Pace: Baccarat, Las Vegas Strip rating table The following table shows the average hands per hour and the house edge for comp purposes various games. … This table was given to me anonymously by an executive with a major Strip casino and is used for rating players. Table “Hands per Hour and Average House Edge”, row “Baccarat”, column “Hands/Hour”: 72 |
| Blackjack | Las Vegas Strip rating table: 70 hands an hour | Source
Pace: Blackjack, Las Vegas Strip rating table The following table shows the average hands per hour and the house edge for comp purposes various games. … This table was given to me anonymously by an executive with a major Strip casino and is used for rating players. Table “Hands per Hour and Average House Edge”, row “Blackjack”, column “Hands/Hour”: 70 |
| 1 player: 209 hands an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Blackjack, 1 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Hands per Hour in Blackjack”, row “Players 1”, column “Hands per hour”: 209 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 2 players: 139 hands an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Blackjack, 2 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Hands per Hour in Blackjack”, row “Players 2”, column “Hands per hour”: 139 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 3 players: 105 hands an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Blackjack, 3 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Hands per Hour in Blackjack”, row “Players 3”, column “Hands per hour”: 105 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 4 players: 84 hands an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Blackjack, 4 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Hands per Hour in Blackjack”, row “Players 4”, column “Hands per hour”: 84 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 5 players: 70 hands an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Blackjack, 5 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Hands per Hour in Blackjack”, row “Players 5”, column “Hands per hour”: 70 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 6 players: 60 hands an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Blackjack, 6 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Hands per Hour in Blackjack”, row “Players 6”, column “Hands per hour”: 60 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read | |
| 7 players: 52 hands an hour (Kilby) | Source
Pace: Blackjack, 7 player(s) The following tables show the number of hands/tosses per hour in blackjack, craps, and roulette. The source of the tables is Casino Operations Management by Jim Kilby. Table “Hands per Hour in Blackjack”, row “Players 7”, column “Hands per hour”: 52 Wizard of Odds · Table games FAQ (tables from Kilby, Casino Operations Management) · read |
How it’s worked out
Exact, not a bell curve. For the money you bring and for exit rules, the page follows every possible amount left after every round, using the outcome table of the game. For the chance to be ahead and for the look back, it adds up every possible sequence of rounds. There is no simulation and no normal approximation, which would be badly off for a single-number bet over a short evening.
Assumptions. The same bet every round; rounds are independent; the number of rounds is the pace times the hours, rounded to whole rounds. A round starts only if a full bet is left. At blackjack, a double or split is played in full even when the money left would not cover it, and a result that would go below zero stops at zero.
Where it stops being accurate. Pace depends on the players and the dealer, and electronic tables keep their own pace. The blackjack table is for the source’s rules with basic strategy; your table’s rules and your play change the result. Side bets are not included.
Precision. Chances are rounded to whole percents; below 1% they are shown to one figure or as “1 in N”. Money under $10 is shown in cents, above it in whole dollars.
The average cost per hour is the same figure as in Price of an hour, at the pace set here.
How often runs of one colour happen, and why they do not change the next spin: Streaks.
If it stops being fun
If gambling stops being entertainment, help is available. 19+ in most of Canada; 18+ in Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec.
If you are thinking about suicide, call or text 9-8-8
All ways to reach a helpline Set a money and time limit: Game plan Responsible gaming
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