Atlassino Academy · Slots · Lesson 6 of 10

Bonus rounds: who pays for the extra spins

The extra spins take no new bet, and the spins in front of them are where their money came from.

  • About 23 minutes
  • Illustrated hosts: Leo and Maya
  • Last checked 24 September 2026

Three symbols line up, and the machine hands you ten spins without taking a bet for them.

Before we start: who paid for those ten spins?

Nothing is scored here. We come back to it at the end.

The short answer

The ten spins are free of exactly one thing: the machine takes no new bet while they run. Everything they hand back is money the machine was always going to hand back — on the machine counted out below, 92.00% of everything staked comes back to players, and 28.00% of everything staked reaches them only through the extra round. The paying lines pay less than they otherwise would, by exactly the amount the extra round hands over.

  • While the extra round runs10 spins, and the machine takes no bet for any of them.
  • Before the extra round starts125 spins on average, and the machine takes a bet for every single one of them.
Leo points at the lowest of four rows on a printed pay-table card lying on a counter, where three diamond symbols are followed by a row of small empty circles, while Maya stands opposite holding an open notebook with a pencil resting on the page.
Leo smiling, explaining with an open hand.

Leoformer dealer · rules and maths

I have watched a lot of people sit through a long stretch of nothing to reach a round of spins the machine calls free, and almost none of them could have told you what those spins were worth. That is not carelessness on their part. The machine never says what the round is worth.

Three reels, fifty stops, one pay table

The machine used here is a teaching machine, and it is set out in full so that you can check every figure instead of taking it on trust. It has three reels. Each reel is a strip of 50 stops, every stop comes up as often as every other, and every symbol printed on the glass really does sit somewhere on the strip: none of them is painted on the glass and left off the reels.

One reel of this machine, all 50 of its stops. ★ is the STAR stop and ◆ is a BONUS stop; A, B and C are the three paying symbols, and a dot is a blank. The stops are grouped here so that you can count them — on a real reel they are scattered along the strip. 20 stops carry C and 1 carries STAR, and that difference on its own is why three C symbols land on 1 in 16 spins while three STARs land on 1 in 125,000 spins.

A teaching machine set to 92.00%
SymbolStops on a reelThree in a rowPays
STAR11 in 125,0005,000 for 1
A51 in 1,00080 for 1
B101 in 12525 for 1
C201 in 165 for 1
BONUS101 in 12510 extra spins · 35 bets on average
blank4—nothing

A pay of 5 for 1 hands you five times your bet back, and your own bet is one of those five.

A machine in Ontario has to put the pay table, the rules of the game and what its features do in front of you before you commit a bet, so everything you need in order to choose this machine over the machine beside it can be read while your money is still in your pocket. The line to find first is the BONUS line, because the BONUS line is what decides how much of your evening goes on waiting.

The BONUS line, as a pay table carries it

BONUS BONUS BONUS10 FREE GAMES

An award, and nothing in the award about how long the wait for it runs or what the extra spins hand back.

The same line, once this machine has been counted out

How often three BONUS symbols land1 in 125 spins
What the extra spins hand back35 bets on average

Both figures come out of the strip above, counted one combination at a time.

Where the money that comes back goes

Three reels of 50 stops can come to rest in 125,000 different ways. Count every one of those ways, add up what each of them pays, and the money that goes back to players comes out in two parts: the part the paying lines hand over as the reels come to rest, and the part that arrives only inside the extra round.

Every one of the 125,000 ways three reels of 50 stops can come to rest
Three in a rowHow oftenWays out of 125,000PaysOf everything staked, hands back
STAR1 in 125,00015,000 for 14.00%
A1 in 1,00012580 for 18.00%
B1 in 1251,00025 for 120.00%
C1 in 168,0005 for 132.00%
BONUS1 in 1251,00010 extra spins28.00%
nothing—114,874nothing—

Three C symbols land eight times as often as three BONUS symbols, and the two rows hand back almost the same share of everything staked. In all, 115,000 bets come back for 125,000 staked.

Through the paying lines64.00%
Through the extra round28.00%
Kept by the house8.00%

80,000 bets through the paying lines and 35,000 through the extra round, over 125,000 spins.

A teaching machine set to 92.00%, and not a typical one: 92.00% is what this pay table happens to add up to, and a real machine hands back whatever its own pay table says it does.

The 64.00% through the paying lines arrives as the reels stop; the 28.00% through the extra round waits for three BONUS symbols — one spin in 125. Together they make 92.00%: the extra round sits inside the machine’s figure, not added to it.

On some machines the extra round is not switched on by three symbols landing together on one spin. It is switched on by a count that builds up over many spins, and a machine built that way has a name of its own in Ontario: a Metamorphic Game. The name is worth knowing, because it puts the run of spins where it belongs — those spins are what switches the round on, and every one of them was paid for as it went.

  • Three BONUS symbols on one spinThe kind of machine counted out above. The extra round starts on 1,000 of the 125,000 ways the reels can come to rest, and no spin remembers the spin before it.
  • A count filled in over many spinsA Metamorphic Game. The extra round starts when the count is full, and the spins that filled the count are what switched the round on.

A paying line lands on 7.30% of spins, and 8.10% of spins either pay a line or start the extra round. How often a machine pays anything at all, and how far that sends one evening from the average, is a lesson of its own.

Take the extra round away

Take the extra round out of this machine and change nothing else about it. Leave all four paying lines exactly as they are, and let three BONUS symbols pay nothing at all. The machine now hands back 64.00% of everything staked. A game has to hand back at least 85.000% before a room in Ontario may put it on its floor, so this machine, stripped of its extra round and otherwise left alone, could not stand in a room at all.

This machine as its pay table is set92.00%
The lowest a game may hand back in Ontario85.000%
This machine with three BONUS symbols paying nothing64.00%

The Ontario floor is a rule and not a machine. The other two bars are one machine counted twice, once with its extra round paying and once with three BONUS symbols paying nothing — and what is left the second time is exactly what the paying lines hand back.

Over 125,000 spins the extra round hands back 35,000 bets, and if the round pays nothing those 35,000 bets have to be put back somewhere else in the pay table. The obvious place is the line players meet most often. Put all 35,000 of those bets into the C line and three C symbols pay 9.375 for 1 instead of 5 for 1 — 1.88 times as much, on a line that lands on 1 in 16 spins. That is what the extra round was bought with, and it was bought from you a few cents at a time, on every spin you made while you waited for it.

The same three reels, counted out three ways
What is being comparedThis machineThree BONUS symbols paying nothing, nothing else touchedThree BONUS symbols paying nothing, their money put into the C line
Three C symbols pay5 for 15 for 19.375 for 1
Three BONUS symbols pay10 extra spinsnothingnothing
Of everything staked, the machine hands back92.00%64.00%92.00%
Leo raising one finger, thinking something through.

Leoformer dealer · rules and maths

Now the other half of it, because stopping there would be unfair to anyone who enjoys the round. Those 35 bets are spread over 10 spins, which is 3.5 bets a spin, and a spin you paid for hands back 0.64 of a bet through the paying lines. So one spin inside the extra round really does hand back about 5.47 times what a spin you paid for hands back through the paying lines. The machine is not exaggerating when it makes a fuss of the extra spins.

Both of those things are true at once, and they are one fact seen from two ends: the spins inside the round are worth more because the paying lines are worth less. That is the trade the pay table made on your behalf, before you ever sat down at it.

How long “just until the bonus” runs

Three BONUS symbols land on 1,000 of the 125,000 combinations, which is one spin in 125. At an example bet of $2.25 a spin, that is $281.25 through the machine to reach one extra round, on average.

A single wait scatters a long way either side of that average, and nothing at the machine tells you which kind of wait you are in.

How long the wait for one extra round runs
Which waitSpinsTime at the machine
Half of all waits are over by878.7 minutes
The average wait runs12512.5 minutes
Nine waits in ten are over by28728.7 minutes

A reel machine allows about 600 spins an hour, which turns a count of spins into minutes.

Nothing you do at the machine shortens the wait, and neither does the waiting itself. After 375 spins with no extra round, the next 125 spins still bring none 36.64% of the time — the same figure as on the first spin of the evening. Why that is so hard to believe is the subject of the myths lesson.

What the next 125 spins bring
Where you are sittingNo extra round in the next 125 spins
On the first spin of the evening36.64%
After 375 spins with no extra round36.64%

The machine has nowhere to write down what has already happened to you, so the figure after 375 spins with no extra round cannot come out differently from the figure on the first spin of the evening. They are one figure printed twice, because they are one calculation done twice.

Maya with a hand on her chest, speaking gently and seriously.

Mayaformer floor supervisor · manners, money and breaks

“Just until the bonus” is the sentence I would most like you to take away from this page. It sounds like a small decision and it is an open-ended one: on an ordinary evening the wait runs 12.5 minutes, and on one evening in ten it runs past 28.7 minutes with the round still not arrived — and while you are sitting there you cannot tell which of the two evenings you are in.

So put a number on the wait before you sit down — a number of spins, or a number of minutes, or an amount of money (Game plan walks you through it) — and treat that number as tonight’s limit (the money and the time you decide on before you go: a ceiling, not a target). Holding to a number at a machine where nobody else is counting is the last lesson of this track.

The one bet that takes nothing

The screen, one second after a payout

Paid40 credits
Offerdouble or nothing
Your choicetake the gamble, or collect the 40 credits

The machine pays you 40 credits and offers to play those 40 credits double or nothing. Taking the offer costs you nothing on average: a gamble feature has to hand back everything staked in it, 100.00%, and the coin it tosses is exactly fair — a house edge of 0.00%. Only the credits the machine has just paid you may be staked in it, and the machine has to leave the choice to you rather than take it for you.

That 100.00% is real, and it is narrower than it sounds, because it covers the gamble and nothing around the gamble. Take the gamble on every payout for a whole evening and the machine still hands back 92.00% of everything staked — the same figure, to the second decimal, as an evening on which the gamble is never taken once.

The same pay table, counted out twice
What is being measuredGamble never takenGamble taken on every payout
Of everything staked, the machine hands back92.00%92.00%
How far one spin finishes from the average14.90 bets21.09 bets

What the gamble does change is how far a single evening travels from that same average. Take the gamble once and the credits double half the time and are gone the other half, so at every step the number of players still holding credits halves and the credits each of those players holds double.

  1. After one gamble50.00%of players still hold credits, and those credits are worth twice what the machine paid out
  2. After two gambles25.00%of players still hold credits, and those credits are worth four times what the machine paid out
  3. After three gambles12.50%of players still hold credits, and those credits are worth eight times what the machine paid out
  4. After four gambles6.25%of players still hold credits, and those credits are worth sixteen times what the machine paid out

What differs online in Canada

On a screen the arithmetic is the same, and a bonus game is still one in which no further stake is placed. What does change is how much a site has to explain to you before you play.

What you are owed about the extra round, in a room and on a screen
What is owed to youA machine in a roomA site regulated in Ontario
Before you commit a betThe pay table, the rules of the game and feature information have to be there for you to read.The same information, and the extra round explained item by item: what it does and how it behaves.
About getting into the extra roundFeature information has to be shown. What that has to contain is not itemised anywhere.The number and the kind of tokens you have to collect to get in has to be stated.

Both a machine in a room and a site in Ontario owe you the extra round before you pay for it. Only the site owes you a list of what that means, item by item.

On speed the two run the other way round. On a screen a spin may not be shortened at all — except inside the extra round, which is lifted straight out of that rule. So the one part of an online slot machine allowed to run as fast as the operator chooses is the extra round itself: the part a player has already spent a long wait getting to.

  • One spin on a screenIt may not be shortened at all, however impatient the player at the screen becomes.
  • The extra round on the same screenIt is lifted out of that rule, so it may run as fast as the operator chooses.

Practice: who pays for the bonus

Four moments a person really has at a slot machine, and not one of them starts with the spin button: which machine to sit at, how long the wait is worth, whether to take the gamble, and what a screen is actually telling you. The lesson is one run: every square on the strip below is one of those moments, and they are all there from the start. Only your first answer on each one counts, and when a level’s squares are full the next level begins by itself.

The practice table needs JavaScript. Here is one moment from it, with the answer.

Every moment the practice table deals, with its answer and the reasoning behind it.

Level 1 · Which machine

Two machines, the same stated return. On which one does more of the money come back only after the extra round?
A · Through the paying lines64.00%
A · Through the extra round28.00%
B · Through the paying lines88.00%
B · Through the extra round4.00%

Both machines hand back 92.00% of everything staked. That is not a misprint.

  • Machine A Machine A hands back 28.00% of everything staked through its extra round, and Machine B hands back 4.00% through its own.
  • Machine B Machine B hands back 88.00% of everything staked through its paying lines and leaves only 4.00% behind its extra round.
  • The same on both — they return the same percentage The share that comes back is the same on both machines. Where that share reaches you is not the same, and the pay table is where the difference is written.

Both pay tables add up to 92.00%. Machine A parks 28.00% of everything staked behind a round that starts once in 125 spins; Machine B pays almost all of its share out as the reels stop.

This pay table has no extra round at all. What does that tell you about what the machine returns?
A machine with no extra round
SymbolStops on a reelThree in a rowPays
STAR11 in 125,0005,000 for 1
A51 in 1,00080 for 1
B101 in 12525 for 1
C201 in 165 for 1
blank4—nothing
  • Nothing — the return is wherever the pay table puts it A machine without an extra round pays the same percentage through longer, flatter lines. The split moved; the total did not have to.
  • It returns less, because there is no round to pay you Then every machine without a round would sit below the floor, and none of them would be approved.
  • It returns more, because nothing is held back Nothing is held back on either kind. The extra round is a place the money comes from, not a toll on the way.

A pay table can reach the same total a hundred ways. What an extra round changes is how much of the evening you spend waiting for your share of it.

The glass says free. What is actually free about those ten spins?

The glass above the reels

Feature“FREE SPINS”
Triggerthree BONUS symbols
Award10 spins, no bet taken
  • No new bet is taken for them That is the whole of it, and it is why they are called free rather than cheap.
  • They cost the casino nothing The extra spins cost the room 28.00% of everything staked on the machine, out of the 92.00% it hands back altogether. No other line on this pay table costs it as much.
  • They are a gift for playing a while Nothing was given. The spins that reached them were paid for at full price, one at a time.

Free describes the bet, not the cost. No money goes in during the round because the money went in before it.

Nothing on the glass says whether this machine has an extra round. Where does it say?

A machine with no label on the glass

Reelsthree
Labelnone
Buttonsbet, lines, spin, help
  • The pay table, which the machine has to show you before you bet Pay table awards, game rules and feature information all have to be reachable before a bet is committed.
  • Ask an attendant They may well know. The machine is still required to tell you itself, and it does it in the pay table.
  • Nowhere — you find out by playing Playing to find out is how the wait starts before the decision does.

Everything you need to choose this machine over the next one is on the screen before the first bet. The pay table is the one screen worth opening.

AGCO · Minimum Technical Standards for Gaming — 11. Game Behaviour, 11.1 Rules of Play and Information Display · read 2026-09-24

The round is worth 35 bets on average. You trigger one. What comes back?

The extra round of this machine, counted out

Starts onthree BONUS symbols, 1 in 125 spins
Award10 spins, no bet taken
Worth, on average35 bets
  • Whatever those ten spins land — the average is over many rounds Some rounds pay nothing at all and some pay many times the average. The average is the only figure a pay table can honestly carry.
  • Exactly 35 bets Then the round would be a refund with a light show, and there would be no reason to watch it.
  • At least 35 bets An average with a floor under it is not an average. Half the rounds have to come in under it for the other half to come in over.

An average describes a long run of rounds, and you are about to see one single round. The gap between a long run and one round is the whole subject of the next level.

A slot machine has no decision in it once the button is pressed. So what is left to decide?

Standing in front of the machine

Machinenot chosen yet
Betnot set yet
Spinsnone yet
  • Which machine, what to bet, and when to stop All three are settled before the reels move, and all three change what the evening costs.
  • When to stop the reels The result is picked when the spin starts; the reels are showing you a result that already exists. Lesson 2.4 is about that picture.
  • Whether to go for the extra round Nothing on the machine lets you go for it. You can only keep paying for spins until one arrives.

Everything a person actually decides at a slot machine happens before the first spin or after a payout. Which machine to sit at and how long to wait are the two decisions that settle what an extra round costs you.

Level 2 · How long is “just until the bonus”

Decide it now, before anything turns: how many spins is reaching the extra round worth to you?

Before the first spin

MachineMachine A
Bet$2.25 a spin
Extra roundonce in 125 spins, on average
  • 60 spins About half of waits are over by spin 87, so a fair number of evenings reach it. Most do not.
  • 125 spins — the average wait 36.64% of 125-spin stretches bring no round at all. The average is the number you are most likely to overshoot.
  • 300 spins Nine waits in ten are over by 287 spins, so this covers almost all of them — at $2.25 a spin, and about 28.7 minutes of sitting.

Any of the three is a decision. What makes it a decision is that it was made now rather than at spin 180, with the round still not arrived.

You have made 125 spins — the average wait — and no round has come. How unusual is that?

The machine, after a while

Spins made125
Extra roundsnone
Bet$2.25 a spin
  • Not unusual: it happens on more than a third of such stretches 36.64%, from the same enumeration that produced the 125.
  • Very unusual — it was due by now Nothing is owed. A machine cannot adapt what it pays while you sit there, and it keeps no tally of what it has not paid.
  • The machine is set differently from what the pay table says The pay table is the machine. A stretch this long is what the same pay table looks like a third of the time.

“Once every 125 spins” is an average over many stretches. This one is the commonest kind of exception there is.

375 spins, still nothing. What do the next 125 look like?

Much later

Spins made375
Extra roundsnone
Time at the machineabout 28.7 minutes
  • Exactly like the first hundred and twenty-five did 36.64% of bringing no round, the same figure as on spin one. The machine has nowhere to write down what has happened.
  • Better — the round has to arrive eventually Eventually is not a schedule. Every spin is drawn from the same pay table, and drawing from it many times does not empty it.
  • Worse — this machine is running cold Cold would need a memory, and there is not one. Lesson 2.8 takes that belief apart properly.

The wait resets on every spin because nothing carries over. Why that feels so wrong is the subject of the myths lesson, not this one.

At $2.25 a spin, how much goes through the machine before one round arrives, on average?

The arithmetic of the wait

Bet$2.25 a spin
Extra roundonce in 125 spins
Through the machine?
  • $281.25 $2.25 multiplied by 125 spins. That is the money the extra spins are paid for with.
  • $2.25 That is the cost of the one spin that happens to start the round, not of the wait that reached it.
  • Nothing — the round is free The round takes no new bet. The spins that reached it took one each.

Every dollar the round hands back was staked on one of the 125 spins in front of it. There is no other money in the machine.

A reel machine allows about 600 spins an hour. How long is the wait?

A reel machine, timed

Spins an hour600
Average wait?
The long tenth?
  • 12.5 minutes on average, and 28.7 minutes for the slowest tenth 125 spins and 287 spins at 600 an hour.
  • 12.5 minutes, and that is the whole story It is the average. One wait in ten runs more than twice that long, and those are the waits people sit through.
  • There is no way to work it out There is: the round starts on 1,000 of 125,000 combinations, and the machine turns spins into minutes at a known rate.

“Just until the bonus” is 12.5 minutes on an average evening and more than twice that on one evening in ten. Both numbers were knowable before sitting down.

The number you set has gone by and nothing has happened. What now?

Past the number you set

You decided125 spins
Spins made375
Extra roundsnone
  • Stop where you said you would The number was decided when nothing was at stake. It has not become a worse number since.
  • One more hundred — it has to be close now It is not close: 36.64% of the next 125 spins bring nothing either. Closeness is the feeling this machine is built to produce.
  • Raise the bet so the round is worth more when it lands A larger bet does not make the round arrive sooner. It makes every spin of the wait cost more.

A limit that moves when it is reached was never a limit. This is the moment it gets rewritten, and the only defence is having written it down first.

Level 3 · Take it or bank it

What does taking the gamble cost you, on average?

The machine has just paid

Paid40 credits
Offerdouble or nothing
Choicegamble, or collect
  • Nothing at all A gamble feature has to hand back everything staked in it, 100.00%, and the coin it tosses is exactly fair: a house edge of 0.00%.
  • Half of the 40 credits, because you lose half the time You also double them half the time. Averaged, that is the 40 you started with, which is what a hundred per cent means.
  • The same 8.00% the machine takes on everything This is the one place on the machine where it does not. The offer is a coin, and the coin is fair.

This is the only bet on a slot machine that takes nothing from you on average, and the machine has to offer you the choice rather than take it for you.

You take it four times running. How often are you still holding anything?

Taking it again and again

After 1 gambleheld 50.00% of the time
After 4 gambles?
Average valueunchanged each time
  • 6.25% A half of a half of a half of a half. The amount is sixteen times larger when it survives, which is why the average never moves.
  • 50.00% That is how often one gamble is survived. Four gambles in a row is 50.00% multiplied by itself four times.
  • Almost never — four fair coins is close to impossible It is one run in sixteen: 6.25%. Rare enough to notice, common enough to happen on an ordinary evening.

Every step keeps the average exactly where it was and doubles how far the two ends are apart. That is the entire trade.

You take the gamble on every payout for a whole evening. What does the machine return now?
Gamble never taken92.00%
Gamble taken on every payout92.00%

The same pay table, enumerated twice.

  • 92.00% — exactly what it returned before Re-enumerate the pay table with a fair coin bolted to every payout and the total does not shift by a hundredth of a point.
  • More — a hundred per cent bet has to pull the average up It pulls the average towards itself, and it is already sitting exactly where the payout it doubles left it. Adding a fair bet to an unfair one leaves the unfair one where it was.
  • Less — every extra bet costs something Not this one. It is the single exception on the machine, and it is exact rather than approximate.

A fair side decision does not make the game around it fair. The machine keeps the same share of everything staked either way.

If the return does not move, what does?
Without the gamble14.90 bets
With the gamble taken on every payout21.09 bets

How far one spin swings from the average, in bets. A swing is a distance and not a share of anything staked, so the bars here are drawn on a scale of their own.

  • How far one evening travels: 14.90 bets a spin becomes 21.09 1.42x the swing, for the same price. That is what the button is for.
  • How fast the evening goes A gamble takes a second or two. What a gamble changes is how big each step of the evening is, not how many steps the evening has.
  • Nothing at all — it is a decoration It is not a decoration. It genuinely changes the shape of the evening; it just does not change its cost.

Bigger swings in both directions, at no charge. Whether that is worth having is a question about you rather than about the machine.

Is a gamble feature a reason to sit at this machine rather than the one beside it?

Choosing between two machines

Machine Areturns 92.00%, gamble offered
Machine beside itreturns 92.00%, no gamble
Difference in costnone
  • No — it changes the ride, not the price Both machines charge the same share of everything staked. Only the shape of the evening differs.
  • Yes — a hundred per cent bet is the one to look for It returns a hundred per cent of what you put into it, and what you put into it is money the machine has already paid you.
  • Yes — it doubles what the extra round is worth The round is worth 35 bets on average with or without it. A fair coin does not change an average.

No feature on a slot machine is a way of doing better at a slot machine. The gamble is worth understanding because it is the one thing on the glass that is exactly what it says it is.

Level 4 · What the screen is telling you

The meter says seven of ten. What does it tell you about the next spin?
XXXXXXX

Seven of ten symbols collected

  • Where you are in a count, and nothing else The machine has to show you your place in a count it is keeping. That is the whole of the claim.
  • That the round is close Three symbols away is not the same as soon. Each of the three arrives at its own rate, and the meter cannot speed any of them up.
  • That the next spin is likelier to pay The next spin is drawn from the same pay table as the first one. A display that meant otherwise would not be allowed to say so.

A meter is a required display, not a promise. It says where you are; it says nothing about where you are going.

You leave with seven of ten collected. What have you left behind?
XXXXXXX

Seven of ten, and you are getting up

  • A count the machine was keeping, built out of spins you have already paid for Free games and feature prizes can be triggered by the accumulated result of a series of plays. The series was paid for as it went.
  • A round the machine owes you Nothing is owed. Each of those spins was settled the moment it stopped.
  • Nothing — the meter is a picture On this kind of machine it is a real count, and the person who sits down next may finish it. What it is not is a debt.

The count is real and it carries over. It is still not a claim on the machine, because every spin that built it was already paid out in full.

AGCO · Minimum Technical Standards for Gaming — Glossary · read 2026-09-24

The credit meter does not move during the round. What has been paid for these spins?

During the extra spins

Spins left6 of 10
Credit meternot going down
Bet takennone
  • The spins that came before, one bet at a time $281.25 through the machine, on average, to reach one round at $2.25 a spin.
  • Nothing — that is what the still meter is showing The still meter is showing that no bet is being taken now. It cannot show you the ones that were.
  • The casino, out of what it keeps What it keeps is 8.00% of everything staked, and that share is the same whether the round happens or not.

A still credit meter is the clearest picture of the whole thing: money is going out of the machine and none is going in, because the money going out went in earlier.

The pay table says the round is “10 free games”. What is missing from that line?

One line of the pay table, and two figures the line does not carry

BONUS BONUS BONUS10 FREE GAMES
Worth, on average35 bets
Worth, this time?
  • What those ten spins pay Ten spins is a length. What they hand back depends on the same reels as everything else, and the pay table has to be read again to find out.
  • How often the round comes That part is on the line above it: three BONUS symbols, 1 in 125 spins.
  • How much the round costs It costs nothing at the moment it happens. Its price was paid over the spins in front of it.

“10 free games” is a count of spins and nothing more. On this machine those ten are worth 35 bets on average — and that figure is the one the pay table is quiet about.

A machine gives more through its extra round than the one beside it, at the same stated return. What has to be true of its lines?
Machine A · paying lines64.00%
Machine A · extra round28.00%
Machine B · paying lines88.00%
Machine B · extra round4.00%

Both machines hand back 92.00% of everything staked.

  • They pay less Machine A’s commonest line pays 5 for 1 where B’s pays 8.75 for 1. That gap is what bought the bigger round.
  • Nothing — the round is added to the lines Then the machine would return more than its stated figure, and the figure counts the round already.
  • There is no way to tell from the outside There is, and it is printed: two pay tables, two splits, one total. The arithmetic only goes one way.

A stated return is a fixed amount of money divided up. Give more of it to the round and there is less of it for the reels, every time.

How the practice table works

No spinning. There is nothing here to press and watch. After the button on a slot machine there is no decision left, so a practice table that spun would be a slot machine, and we do not build one. Every moment sits either before the bet or after a payout.

No credits and no balance. There is no money on this table. Amounts appear only where a decision has a price, worked out for an example bet of $2.25 a spin — an example, not a suggested bet.

Where the numbers come from. Every figure in every moment is worked out when the page is built, by enumerating all 125,000 ways the teaching machine can stop. The page and the practice table read the same registry, so they cannot disagree.

One strip, no rounds. Every square is one moment and they are all visible from the start. Your first answer fills the square; practising a mistake turns a cross into “fixed in practice” and does not change the count. Progress stays in this browser and is sent nowhere.

Check yourself

Maya with a finger raised and a knowing look.

Mayaformer floor supervisor · manners, money and breaks

Five quick ones. Pick an answer, then check it. No timer, no points: just whether it stuck.

1A machine hands back 92.00% of everything staked on it, and 28.00% of everything staked reaches players only through its extra round. What does the extra round add to the 92.00%?

Show the answer

Answer: Nothing at all — the extra round is one part of the 92.00%, not something on the side. A paid spin both hands out the extra spins and pays for them. On this machine the paying lines hand back 64.00% of everything staked and the extra round hands back 28.00%: together, 92.00%.

  • 28.00%, so the machine really hands back more than its stated figure No machine hands back more than it takes in, and a room running one would be paying for the privilege of having it on the floor. The stated figure counts the extra round already.
  • Nothing at all — the extra round is one part of the 92.00%, not something on the side Count every one of the 125,000 ways the three reels can come to rest and the money that goes back to players comes out in two parts that add up to the stated figure. There is no third part.
  • Nothing, because an extra round hands back very little An extra round hands back a great deal: 28.00% of everything staked on this machine, and one spin inside the round is worth 5.47 times what a paid spin hands back through the paying lines. The question is where that money came from, not how small it is.
2The same machine, with three BONUS symbols paying nothing and every paying line left exactly as it was, would hand back 64.00%. What does that tell you?

Show the answer

Answer: The paying lines pay less than they would if the extra round were not there. Nothing else about the machine changed: the same three reels, the same fifty stops, the same symbols on them. Only the money moved, and it had to come out of the paying lines, because a pay table is the only place in a machine where money can come from.

  • The paying lines pay less than they would if the extra round were not there Put the 35,000 bets the extra round hands back into the line players meet most often, and three C symbols pay 9.375 for 1 instead of 5 for 1 — 1.88 times as much. That is the trade written as one number.
  • The extra round is worth 64.00% of the machine The extra round hands back 28.00% of everything staked. 64.00% is what is left over when the extra round is taken away.
  • Such a machine would simply be a plainer one to sit at Such a machine would not exist. 64.00% is below the 85.000% floor that Ontario sets for a game, so no room there could put it on its floor at all.
3An extra round starts on average once in 125 spins. You have made 125 spins and no extra round has started. How unusual is that?

Show the answer

Answer: Not unusual — no extra round arrives on 36.64% of all 125-spin stretches. Half of all waits are over by spin 87 and nine waits in ten are over by spin 287, which also means that one wait in ten runs past spin 287. The average wait sits between two very different evenings.

  • Not unusual — no extra round arrives on 36.64% of all 125-spin stretches That figure comes from the same count of the 125,000 combinations that produced the 125. “Once in 125 spins on average” describes a great many stretches of 125 spins, not the stretch you have just made.
  • It means the next 125 spins are likelier to bring an extra round They are not likelier: the next 125 spins bring no extra round 36.64% of the time, exactly as they did on the first spin of the evening. Lesson 2.8 is about why that feels wrong.
  • Very unusual — an extra round should have arrived by now Nothing is owed to you. The machine cannot change what it pays while you sit at it, and it keeps no tally of what it has not paid.
4The machine has just paid you 40 credits and offers to play those 40 credits double or nothing. What does taking that offer cost you?

Show the answer

Answer: Nothing on average, and one spin finishes 1.42 times further from the average than it otherwise would. Only the credits from the payout in front of you may be staked in the gamble, and the machine has to explain how the feature works and leave the choice to you. The gamble is the one exactly fair bet on the glass, and it is exactly fair rather than approximately so.

  • Nothing on average, and one spin finishes 1.42 times further from the average than it otherwise would A gamble feature has to hand back everything staked in it, 100.00%, and the coin it tosses is exactly fair: a house edge of 0.00%. How far one spin finishes from the average goes from 14.90 bets to 21.09.
  • Half of the 40 credits, because you lose them half the time You also double the 40 credits half the time. Averaged over many offers taken, that is the 40 credits you started with, and handing back exactly what was staked is what a hundred per cent means.
  • Nothing, and it raises the share the machine hands back The machine hands back 92.00% of everything staked whether the gamble is taken on every payout or never taken at all. A fair side decision does not make the game around it fair.
5A different machine and a different evening: an extra round arrives on average once in 200 spins, and you are betting $2.50 a spin. About how much money goes through the machine before one extra round arrives? new situation

Show the answer

Answer: About $500. The arithmetic does not care which machine it is done on. The spins it takes to reach an extra round, multiplied by the bet on each of those spins, is what the extra spins were bought with — every time and at every machine.

  • 200 in dollars Spins are not dollars. A count of spins has to be multiplied by the bet made on each of those spins before it turns into money.
  • $2.50 — what one spin costs That is what the spin which happens to start the extra round costs. It is not what the wait that reached that spin cost.
  • About $500 200 spins multiplied by $2.50 a spin. Different numbers from the teaching machine above, the same arithmetic — and that money is what the extra spins are paid for with.

The question we opened with. “The spins I made to get there” is the answer the arithmetic supports: those spins are where the money in the extra round came from. “Nobody paid” is true about the bet and false about the cost — no new bet is taken during the round, and that is the whole of what the word on the glass claims. “The casino, out of the share it keeps” is the answer worth sitting with, because it sounds generous and it is not: the room keeps 8.00% of everything staked whether the extra round happens or never happens, and the 28.00% it hands back through the round comes out of the 92.00% it was always going to hand back.

Where this goes next

If it stops being fun

If gambling stops being entertainment, help is available. 19+ in most of Canada; 18+ in Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec. More on responsible gaming.

1-866-531-2600Ontario · ConnexOntario · 24 hours
1-800-461-0140Quebec · Jeu: aide et référence · 24 hours
1-888-795-6111British Columbia · Gambling Support BC · 24 hours
1-866-332-2322Alberta · Addiction Helpline (Recovery Alberta) · 24 hours
1-800-463-1554Manitoba · Problem Gambling Helpline · 24 hours
1-800-306-6789Saskatchewan · Problem Gambling Help Line · 24 hours
1-888-429-8167Nova Scotia · Mental Health and Addictions Crisis Line · 24 hours
1-800-461-1234New Brunswick · Gambling Information Line
1-855-255-4255Prince Edward Island · PEI Gambling Support Line · 24 hours
811Newfoundland and Labrador · Gambling Help Line · 24 hours
1-844-533-3030Yukon · Reach Out Support Line (CMHA Yukon)

If you are thinking about suicide, call or text 9-8-8

Further reading

  • Minimum Technical Standards for Gaming, 11: Game Behaviour · Alcohol and Gaming Commission of OntarioWhat a slot machine in a room is allowed to do, clause by clause: the payout floor, the reel strip, the odds on the largest prize and the ten games of history every machine can show you.
  • How to play slots · Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation (PlaySmart)An operator walking through the arithmetic of one spin, with its own worked example: nine lines on a nickel machine, and what one press of it takes.
  • How to play slots · British Columbia Lottery Corporation (Casinos BC)Reels, lines and the province’s average return, in the words of the corporation that runs the rooms.
  • Understanding chance: slot machines · Loto-Québec (Wise Play)The near miss, volatility and the illusion of control, named and explained by a provincial operator rather than by us.
  • Informed Gambling: slots and VLTs · Manitoba Liquor & LotteriesA short brochure on what a payout percentage is and is not, and why two machines with the same one can empty a wallet at different speeds.
  • Registrar's Standards for Internet Gaming: game design and features · Alcohol and Gaming Commission of OntarioThe same machine on a screen: what a regulated site in Ontario may not do with the picture after the outcome has been drawn.

How it’s worked out

The machine, the counting and the hosts

Where this happens. The machine counted out on this page is a cabinet standing in a room you can walk into. The screen standards quoted here are the ones Ontario applies to a site it regulates, and they are quoted for Ontario alone: what another province requires of a site it licenses has not been read for this page and is not counted in it.

Where to start. Nothing on this page needs an earlier lesson behind it, and nothing on it needs an evening at a machine behind it either. The machine the page uses is declared on the page and counted out on the page.

The machine. It is a teaching machine, and it is declared here in full: three reels, 50 stops on each, and the pay table printed on the page. It is set to 92.00% because that is a convenient figure to divide up, and not because it is typical of anything. A real machine hands back whatever its own pay table says it does, and the only figure on this page with a rule behind it is the 85.000% floor.

The counting. All 125,000 ways three reels of 50 stops can come to rest are enumerated when the page is built, and every figure here falls out of that enumeration — the split, how often something pays, the wait, and the swing of one spin. The same numbers are then run through the engine behind House edge of every bet and have to agree, or the page does not build. The gamble is counted the same way, with a fair coin bolted to every payout, which is where its house edge of 0.00% comes from. The wait is a geometric distribution on the same probability; the minutes come from a timed count of how fast a reel machine lets you play.

The round’s worth. 35 bets is the average value of the round on this machine, and 10 spins is how the machine presents it. Dividing one by the other is division, not a second claim about the design: nothing in either standard says how many spins a round must contain or what they must pay.

Amounts. Amounts are in Canadian dollars. $2.25 a spin is an example, not a suggested bet, and every amount on the page is an average over many spins rather than a forecast for one evening.

Hosts. Leo and Maya are illustrated characters. Their backstories, a former dealer and a former floor supervisor, are written for the course: neither is a real person, and neither speaks for any casino. The rules and numbers on this page come from the sources it cites, not from their experience.

No promise. Nothing here is a way of doing better at a slot machine. The extra round is neither a bargain nor a trick: it is a way of dividing up money the machine was always going to hand back, and knowing that changes what you decide before you sit down, not what the reels do afterwards.

Spotted a mistake on this page? Tell us

Sending a report needs JavaScript. Without it, write to us through Contact and give the page address.

Please do not include personal details, such as health or money problems. For help with gambling, see Helplines by province.

Your report reaches us as an email and is not published. What we keep

Been here before? Review us on Trustpilot